География

The issues of connection of manufacturing industry of the region and the structure of its exports are considered. Features of export of some regions of the Middle and Lower Volga region during the last two years are analyzed. An assessment of the effectiveness of export activities is given. On the example of the Saratov region shows a change in the structure of exports for the period 2013-2017. The question of possibilities of import substitution in the Saratov region is raised.

The influence of certain meteorological conditions on the conditions and speed of the eolian processes on the Curonian Spit (the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea) is considered. It is shown that the wind conditions are the most influential, especially in the autumn-winter period. The limiting factor is the amount of precipitation. Temperature conditions and relative humidity are not an obstacle for the processes under consideration.

The article presents the results of the geo-ecological state analysis of steppe landscapes of oil and gas fields within the Volga-Ural oil and gas province. As a key parcel were selected polygons with an area of around 100 sq. km each. The digitization of key sites of oil and gas objects location and road transport network has been executed. It has been shown that the most large-scale and widespread changes are disturbances of soil and vegetation cover, which occur as a result of the introduction and operation of the area and linear infrastructure of fields.

Based on the analysis of satellite images and field survey of the site «Burtinskaya Steppe» of the Orenburgsky reserve, it was revealed that steppe fires are one of the most significant limiting factors in the development of woody and shrubby elements of steppe ecosystems. A high restorative capacity of forest tracts is noticed, especially in the conditions of increased soil moistening.

This article deals with the problem of economic zoning associated with the methodology of allocation of economic microzones, proposed by E. E. Leyzerovich. A comparison of meshes of the zoning of different years is carried out, the reasons of their differences are established. Possible changes of types of economic districts of the Volga region and the factors promoting them are considered. Comparative development of industry in the districts is analyzed.

In the article on daily meteorological data for the seventy-year period (1941–2011), the agroclimatic characterisation of the seasons of the year in the Saratov region are given. The structure, duration and weather conditions of each season are considered.

Trans-boundary basin of the river Ural is one of the key agrarian-industrial regions of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, the catchment part of which is located mainly within the steppe zone. Despite the large-scale industrial development of the basin of the river Ural, region retains its agricultural specialization, which reflects the zonal specificity of steppe landscapes and belongs to the sectors of the background nature management.

Demographic stability is an important component of the social subsystem of regional sustainable development. The article gives a concept of demographic stability. And also estimates the degree of demographic stability of the Saratov region. As a result of the study, it was revealed that at present, the region is characterized by a low level of demographic stability.

The description of the developed three-dimensional mathematical model of convective cloud, which includes the equations of hydrothermodynamics, microphysics and electrostatics is given. The model uses an explicit description of microphysical processes based on kinetic equations for particle mass distribution functions. The result of modeling the formation and development of convective clouds at different characteristics of the horizontal wind field in the atmosphere are considered.

Artificial intelligence, intensive work on which is conducted since the mid-1950s, implies the ability of the machine (robot) to reproduce the logical thinking of man. The world’s first attempt was made to outline promising areas of interpenetration of ideas and methods between developments in the field of artificial intelligence and economic-geographical research.