The Transformation of the Steppe Landscapes and the Problems of Environmental Management in Conditions of Oil and Gas Production
The article presents the results of the geo-ecological state analysis of steppe landscapes of oil and gas fields within the Volga-Ural oil and gas province. As a key parcel were selected polygons with an area of around 100 sq. km each. The digitization of key sites of oil and gas objects location and road transport network has been executed. It has been shown that the most large-scale and widespread changes are disturbances of soil and vegetation cover, which occur as a result of the introduction and operation of the area and linear infrastructure of fields. It has been revealed that significant amount of oil and gas objects in the area of research are located in the unsuitable areas from the point of view of landscape-morphological conditions. Common violation that can cause long-term critical consequences is also the placement of objects near watercourses.
1. Mainguet, M. Dimensions in Space of “Desertifi cation” or Land Degradation : Their Degree and Specifi city in Each Continent // Desertifi cation. Berlin, 1991. Р. 42–150.
2. Yang, X., Zhang, K., Jia, B., Ci, L. Desertifi cation assessment in China : An overview // Journal of Arid Environments. 2005. Vol. 63, № 2. Р. 517–531.
3. Canton, Y., Sole-Benet, A., De Vente, J., Boix-Fayos, C., Calvo-Cases, A., Asensio, C., Puigdefabregas, J. A Review of Runoff Generation and Soil Erosion Across Scales in Semiarid South-Eastern Spain // Journal of Arid Environments. 2011. Vol. 75, № 12. P. 1254–1261.
4. Чибилев, А. А., Мячина, К. В., Дубровская, С. А. Техно- генное воздействие на ландшафты степной зоны : типиза- ция, последствия, ограничения // Проблемы региональной экологии. 2014. № 6. С. 20–26.
5. Ahmed, Z. Determination and Analysis of Desertifi cation Process with Satellite Data Alsat-1 and Landsat in the Algerian Steppe // Engineering Geology for Society and Territory. 2015. Vol. 2. Р. 1847–1852.
6. Myachina, K. V., Chibilev, A. A. Use of Satellite Data to Identify Steppe Lands of the Orenburg Trans-Volga Region Disturbed by Oil Development // Geography and Natural Resources. 2015. Vol. 36, iss. 4. Р. 383–388.
7. Mjachina, K. V., Baynard, C. W., Chibilyev, A. A. Oil and Gas Development in the Orenburg Region of the Volga–Ural Steppe Zone : Qualifying And Quantifying Disturbance Regimes // International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology. 2014. Vol. 21, № 2. Р. 111–126.
8. Щепащенко, Г. Л. Ливневая эрозия почв и методы борьбы с ней. М., 1991. 178 с.
9. Trabucchi, M., Puente, C., Comin, F. A., Olague, G., Smith, S. V. Mapping Erosion Risk at the Basin Scale in a Mediterranean Environment with Opencast Coal Mines to Target Restoration Actions // Regional Environmental Change. 2012. Vol. 12, № 4. P. 675–687.
10. СНиП 2.04.02-84. Водоснабжение. Наружные сети и сооружения. Доступ из справ.-правов. системы «Консуль- тантПлюс».
11. РД 39–133-94. Инструкция по охране окружающей среды при строительстве скважин на нефть и газ на суше. Доступ из справ.-правов. системы «КонсультантПлюс».
12. Никитчук, И. И. (первый заместитель Председателя Комитета Государственной Думы по природным ресур- сам, природопользованию и экологии) [Электронный ресурс] // Экологическая и техносферная безопасность горнопромышленных регионов : докл. на IV Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. URL: http://www.komitet2-21.km.duma.gov.ru/site.xp/052052124050048053057.html (дата обраще- ния: 15.06.2018).
13. Мячина, К. В. К анализу трансформации степных ландшафтов в зонах нефтедобычи на основе данных дис- танционного зондирования // Известия ОГАУ. 2015. № 6 (56). С. 180–183.