География

The article examines the nature of changes in the pressure field at the Earth’s surface around the globe during two natural climatic periods ofthe Earth’s climate system –the stabilization period andthe secondwave of globalwarming in July. The pressure fieldwas approximated by the geopotential field of the surface H0. In the northern hemisphere, no differences in the structure of the geopotential field of the H0 surface were found in the two natural climatic periods.

This study analyzes the distribution and status of feather grass (Stipa pennata L.) in the Belgorod region, based on literary and archival sources, as well as a special selective field survey of its habitats conducted in 2023. The survey included 20 key sites across 7 administrative districts and additional locations where the species was found. The results demonstrate a manifold increase in the number of recorded growth sites over the past 100 years.

The genetic approach to the analysis of the formation of the territorial production system of the region can give interesting results. The initial stages of the industrial development of the region are characterized by flexibility in relation to the factors of the economic and geographical location of the production centers. Its analysis provides a deeper understanding of the question why individual cities have been actively developing, while others have experienced only a short-term rise.

Introduction. In the modern conditions of development of the tourism industry, the creation of high-quality cartographic support for routes, which helps to increase their attractiveness and information content, is of particular importance. Retrospective analysis of the study area. The city of Saratov, awarded the title of “City of Labor Valor”, has a rich historical and cultural heritage associated with the labor exploits of its residents during the Great Patriotic War. Data and methods.

The increase in illumination levels in populated areas, including as a result of the implementation of several federal projects, has raised concerns about light pollution caused by artificial lighting. This has led to questions about identifying areas and cities where artificial lighting levels have significantly increased, as well as evaluating the impact of this increase on the environment. Light pollution is considered one of the types of physical pollution, and within this framework, it has been analyzed in the context of the Saratov region.

Introduction. The analysis of long-term and intra-annual changes in surface air temperature at the regional level allows us to track longterm trends in global warming and climate change, and is the basis for decision-making in various sectors of the economy. Theoretical analysis. The modern trends were studied in the surface atmosphere and quantitative changes in annual and average seasonal air temperatures in the Saratov region in the 20th–21st centuries under changing climate conditions.

Using the example of several districts of the Middle Angara region, the changes in the system of rural settlements in the taiga zone of the Irkutsk region in the period from the first All-Russian Population Census in 2002 after the collapse of the Soviet Union to the last one in 2021 are revealed. The system-dynamic analysis also touched upon the period of formation of regional settlement systems, which fell during the Soviet period and played a major role in their genesis.