География

The article examines the application of topological concepts for analysing the structure and assessing the compactness of a regional settlement system. A methodology is proposed that adapts classical topological invariants to evaluate real transport-planning networks using OpenStreetMap data, taking into account physical-geographical and legislative constraints. Instead of abstract node connectivity indices in the settlement system graph, a new operational indicator – the “exit index” – is introduced.

Introduction. Atmospheric pressure is a crucial characteristic of the atmosphere. Changes in atmospheric pressure lead to changes in the entire set of weather conditions. The increase in global temperature affects all atmospheric characteristics, including atmospheric pressure. This paper examines the changes in atmospheric pressure near the Earth’s surface during the stabilization period and the second wave of global warming. Theoretical analysis.

The article discusses the history of the concept of human co-creation with nature, the main approaches to determining the possibilities of its implementation within the framework of the doctrine of geosystems by V. B. Sochava and the experience of landscape planning based on knowledge of the landscape organization of various regions of Siberia. The main content of modern Russian physical geography is the study of the organization of geosystems and landscape and environmental conditions for differentiating environmental management.

The history of studying the granulometric composition of the detrital material of the beaches of Sevastopol in scientific publications from the middle of the twentieth century to the present is considered. The granulometric characteristics (quartiles, median diameter, and sorting coefficient) of sediments from natural unofficial beaches of Sevastopol located in the bays of Sevastopolskaya, Karantinnaya, and Kazachaya have been calculated. Cumulative curves and diagrams of the granulometric composition of beach sediments have been compiled.

Lung cancer in the Saratov region and Saratov is a very common pathology, ranking second in men and fourth or fifth in women in terms of incidence among other cancer localities. The article provides data on the incidence of lung cancer in Saratov for 2020–2023. Based on a comparison of city’s air basin pollution maps and types of housing development an attempt has been made to determine possible dependencies on the prevalence of the disease.

The article examines the formation features of the demographic and economic space in the Saratov region during the first half of the Soviet period (1917–1960). The spatial and temporal vectors of development and their determining factors are analised.

The problem of delimiting agglomerations is an integral part of the broader issue of economic zoning in the socio-economic space. Given its significance for development, it is important to make a methodology for identifying the influence zone of agglomerations as a specific area in spatial planning. To address this issue, this paper proposes a methodology for determining the territorial accessibility of cities based on population size, which combines the use of open data from Open Street Map, modern geospatial techniques, and visualization tools.