География

The analysis of an underground source water chemical composition located in the floodplain of the Malka River, the largest river flowing through the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, is presented. Data on the quantitative content of the groundwater ion-salt composition components serve as indicators to identify background concentrations of pollutants in river waters.

The research results of the meteorological characteristics and evapotranspiration dynamics in the middle reaches of the Varzob river, a tributary of the Kafernigan river, for the period 1946–2021 are presented. It has been established that temperature is a more active factor in the processes of evapotranspiration. A slight trend of decreasing precipitation at altitudes up to 400 m a. s.

The main purpose of the article is to make geoecological analysis of the habitat quality of the Russian muskrat on the territory of specialized protected areas. Based on the collected statistical indicators on the territory of the Khopyor State Nature Reserve, a correlation analysis was carried out between the number of muskrats, climatic and hydrological factors of its habitat, as well as the possible influence of predators on the number of muskrats.

The application of a multi-scale approach to the study of socio-economic processes makes it possible to see the importance of large (first, second and third in terms of population in their regions) cities for the formation of a territorial production system of supra-regional education as a whole.

The article presents the study results of the monthly variability thunderstorm activity at three meteorological stations located in Iraq over a ten-year period from 2000 to 2009. This is a study based on archived data from daily meteorological observations. The study of fronts for six months a year and for ten years showed that thunderstorms most often occur in March and April, accounting for about 47.42% of all thunderstorms. Moreover, 22.3% of them are in the northern mountainous region of Iraq.

Coming to the Earth a flux of solar radiation is calculated using of modern numerical methods of celestial mechanics over a time interval of about 6000 years with the sampling interval of one year. The luminosity of the Sun was assumed constant. In the power spectrum of the insolation time series detected harmonic of the synodic period of the Mars, as well as harmonics of the combination frequencies of synodic periods of the planets Venus, Jupiter and Saturn, and the frequency corresponding to the sidereal year.

The paper demonstrates the modern agro-climatic recourses for the period 1981–2012 years and their comparison with the climatic norms for the last period 1912–1980 gg. Shows trends multiyear variations of agro-climatic indices by natural zones of the Saratov region