География

The article represents general concept of the «risk» and concept of geoecological risk as a one of oil-fields’ risk exploitation manifestation within the regional features of Saratov region. Also the general chart of risk estimation with emphasis on cartographical risk-analysis of oilfields with application of GIS is disclosed in the article. 

In article the specialised geoinformation system created by the author «GIS-national park “Hvalynsky”» is considered. Conceptual bases of the GIS, the maintenance of separate modular blocks, thematic structure of databases are shown. 

In article results of the comparative analysis of topology valleys complexes within the modeling range located on east macro-slope of the Privolzhsky height are shown. Comparison of the urbanized and not urbanized territories has allowed to reveal landscape analogs city valleys. The received results give the grounds for interpolation of geodynamic parameters of an erosive network with a view of development of practical recommendations about ecological optimization city planning decisions. 

The first, rather large protected areas in Germany were created in 19th century under the influence of romanticism, requirements to national definition and proceeding from a socioeconomic situation. It occurred before national parks in USA were created and the German nature protection program formed. The article presents those of them which as much as possible resemble modern nature parks in their problems and organization. The history of their development as protected areas is characteristic for Germany thanks to private, public and state initiatives. 

The article is devoted to mapping questions of local semi-desert Saratov Priuzenye geosystems and facilities of cartographical works using for landscape structure identification and it’s variation as a result of anthropogenic load on the territory. Different ages field research, topographical and thematical maps, space images, geoinformation technology’ elements are used in the work. 

Statistical analysis of the most popular and often used laws of distribution, that used for probability estimation of various wind speed: Puasson, normal, longnormal and Viebulla-Gudrich laws with application of Pirson and Kolmogorov criteria was carried out. This law is recommended to use for wind conditions mathematical description for on the south-west of european part of Russian Federation. 

Different methods of characteristic Viebulla-Gudrich distribution estimation for wind speed leveling on the south-west of European part of Russian Federation are considered. For this purpose is recommended to use moments methods and least-squares method, that minimized the volume of calculating works. Distribution characteristics estimated by these methods allow identifying wind speed conditions, mean values and measures of variability on the south-west of European part of Russian Federation. 

The article represents results of scientific-innovation educational centre of geoinformational technologies (GIS-centre) activity. Also briefly reports projects realized by GIS-centre concerning of GIS methodology implementation to Povolzhie’ scientific-production and production organizations and lay down general working trends of the Saratov State University new innovation organization – the interregional centre of space monitoring. 

The article presents the results of laboratory investigation of water samples collected in the summer of 2016 on the rivers of the Soviet district of the Saratov region. A brief analysis of the hydrochemical indicators is given from the point of view of their effect on the water quality of the examined rivers. Based on the results of the analysis, the relevant conclusions were drawn. At some points of sampling, exceeding the values of maximum permissible concentrations for a number of indicators was detected.

The initial period (middle of XVI – late XVIII centuries) of the formation of the demographic and settlement on the territory of modern Saratov region. Territorial expansion of the young Russian centralized state in the Volga region started in the region the process of diffusion material-technical and social innovations, which structured the space, transforming it into the administrative system. Identified spatial and temporal trends, vectors of its development and the factors determining them.