География

Nowadays there are problems in improving the agricultural production of the Krasnodar region. For the development of agriculture in the resort area of this region, it is necessary to establish certain efficient
and competitive areas of agro-industrial production.

Currently the laser scanning method is increasingly used to record the effects of man-made accidents and natural disasters. At the same time, world practice and experience have shown that laser scan data can be used not only to inventory and refine the state of landslide bodies, but also to monitor and predict their development.

Saratov is one of the cities of the Volga region where in a relatively small area many industrial enterprises are concentrated emitting into the atmosphere harmful substances which, entering the atmosphere are deposited on the surface, washed out by precipitation and are carried to considerable distances from the place of emission. All of these processes occur with the help of the wind and depend on air temperature, solar radiation, rainfall and other meteorological factors.

The article features the results of comprehensive studies of Maklasheevka II fortified settlement carried out at the intersection of natural and humanitarian sciences, and one of the area of this work was integrative soil-archaeological studies. This approach includes a cross-spectrum archaeological and pedological analysis of the ancient soils.

Algoremediation which is a method of natural and waste water treatment due to the metabolic potential of chlorococcal microalgae is based on the principle of system stability. The method of pollution degree estimation of anthropogenic loaded water object based on the application of fractal calculation is shown. Factor analysis has been used to determine the parameters of the environmental system of Nizhny Tagil city pond which are the basis for a new approach to evaluating the efficiency of environmental protection measures through geoecological risk management.

A special category of long-term forecasts is considered, the object of forecasting is not the anomalies of the hydrometeorological regime (temperature, precipitation), but the dates of its sharp change. Methodological issues are raised to develop adequate methods for estimating such forecasts. The possibility of applying the method of accuracy of short-term forecasts to the justification of long-term forecasts is substantiated.

The Earth’s climate system (ECS) is considered as a linear system whose input is a change in the solar constant, and the output is an anomaly of the globally averaged surface temperature. As a result of the restoration, the impulse response of the system was obtained at time intervals up to 100 months. It has been shown that the response time of ECS can be characterized by a time constant of 1.305 ± 0.026 months. The sensitivity of ECS to radiative forcing is 0.320±0.074 K W^-1m², and the positive feedback coefficient is 1.07±0.25.

A new method of processing the actual material of lichen-indication studies, based on the study of morphological changes in the lichen thallus, is proposed. Assessment of the degree of technogenic impact on the components of the environment from a linear source of atmospheric pollution is performed by calculating and correlating the fractal index of anthropogenic load levels and the processes of its biotic compensation.

The aim of the work is to assess the contribution of vehicle emissions to air pollution of the Irkutsk agglomeration, on the example of a large industrial and transport city of Angarsk. In order to achieve the goal, emission calculations were carried out on the basis of field surveys of the composition and traffic intensity of vehicles at major intersections of Angarsk during peak hours. With the help of the program complex «Ecologist» calculations of concentrations of the main harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere by vehicles were carried out.

Modern geosystems are formed under the influence of two main factors that are in close interaction with each other. We are talking about natural and anthropogenic factors, which are essentially opposite. The stability of geosystems is found under conditions when they are influenced by various factors and phenomena that have antagonistic characteristics. The methods used are comparative geographical, informational, paleogeographic. The materials obtained in the course of natural observations, the work of scientists, information from various funds have been used.