География

The article discusses the conditions and the need of urbanization in the country. High natural growth and the agrarian type of economy are the cause of employment problems. Internal migration in the country is directed to cities, which leads to the need to develop urbanization. The urbanization models that prevail in the country are peripheral and concentration. The classification and typology of the cities in Turkmenistan are given. The prospects of the urbanization process are estimated.

The article presents the study results of changes in the plant cover of ribbon forests of the Priobsky Plateau during the Holocene. According to satellite imagery data, a change in the role of different types of vegetation cover, corresponding to the current environmentally friendly conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zones has been established.

The typological zoning of the main pipeline route «Druzhba 2» has been carried out as far as possible manifestations of engineeringgeological processes appear. Seven groups of processes are singled out on the agent of a relief formation, each of which includes several types allocated on the genesis of process.

The necessity of formation and development of supra-regional innovation systems within the country for the effective flow of the innovation cycle, dissemination of knowledge and innovations is substantiated. The properties of the regional innovation system including those relevant in the Russian conditions of low population density and economic activity are discussed. The hypothesis that the macro-regions of Russia are considered as a super-regional innovation systems is tested. The regions – scientific and innovative centers-are singled out.

The article presents a forecast of grain quality of spring wheat, obtained on the basis of the correlation of grain protein content with the average monthly air temperature in June. The correlation coefficient of the found dependence was 0.75, the equation justification was 94%. The statistical significance of the model is confirmed using Student’s criterion, the analysis of residual deviations and using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion.

The article discusses the creation of a comfortable urban environment in the central part of the city of Saratov. The data on reducing the area of green spaces, the results of the assessment of air pollution from vehicles against the backdrop of an unfavorable terrain are presented. It is established that the indicators of complex environmental pollution of the pedestrian zone of Rakhov Street have a tendency to increase after its reconstruction.

This article considers the methodology for constructing a digital elevation model and its derivatives for analyzing the spatial distribution of linear erosion processes using the territory of the Khvalynsky district as an example. The authors propose the creation of a refined terrain model based on SRTM radar data, topographic maps and the interpretation of Earth remote sensing data. The creation technology is described and a comparative analysis of the refined model with the base SRTM is carried out.

The history of the study of the southwestern part of the Crimean coast between cape Aya and сape Sarych was considered. The conditions determining the development of exogenous geological processes on the coasts studied were characterized. They are: the type of coast, the tectonic construction and the direction of tectonic movements, maritime relief, lithological composition of the coasts. Genesis, morphometric characteristics, granulometric and material composition of the beaches forming here are described.

The article is devoted to the modern economic and geographical development of one of the main industrial and agricultural subregions of the Irkutsk region, which transformed in the time dynamics from a large Soviet, post-Soviet industrial city of regional subordination into the modern Angarsk urban district (hereinafter AGO). The AGO structure is a «modular designer» from the city of Angarsk and the non-urban areas (the settlement of Meget, village Savateevka and Odinsk and 11 small settlements).

The development of urban agglomerations is connected with the solution of the issues of territorial zones allocation and ensuring their transport accessibility. The purpose of the article is to determine the theoretical and methodological foundations of this subject. A review of foreign studies on the topic of extra-street passenger transport is conducted. The terminology used in foreign literature is defined. On the example of urban metropolitan areas of the USA, the development of public transport and the position of researchers on this issue are considered.