География

The concept of ground-information systems is opened and their structure is considered in article. Communication between geoinformation systems and ground-information systems is proved. Modern directions ground–information systems are resulted within the framework of geoinformation systems.

The power spectrum of time series of the incoming to the Earth irradiance flux of the Sun under the assumption of the invariability of its luminosity in the time interval from 1700 through 2000 is analyzed in the region of frequencies, connected with the motion of the Moon. In the power spectrum of insolation, together with the basic peak with the period of synodic month 29d .53, are manifested also the peaks corresponding to the combination frequencies of this month with the harmonics of the annual period of the Earth.

Based on multi-year data about the changes in the ground water level a statistical criterion for the variability of ground water natural circulation mode in the urban lands in offered in this article. It is expedient to use the suggested value of environmental disturbance for making an inundation map of level environmental disturbance when simulating the land potential ground water inundation (waterlog).

There are many years results working of creating multi-thematic and task-level geoinformatical system (GIS) in this article. GIS were created in researchable laboratories of urboecology and regional analysis, geoinformatics and thematic mapping of geographical faculty of the Saratov State University. Structure and subjects of integrated municipal GIS, specify urbanecologycal GIS and special national park management GIS are carefully studied.

The question of connection between various of intensity sudden changes of average daily air temperature and precipitation is considered. It is supposed to use the found dependence for specification of forecasts of average daily air temperature within a month for the territory of Saratov region.

Article is devoted to a history of studying of water-meadow landscapes of the Volga river in Saratov area. Various stages in research of the river are viewed here. There is made an attempt of selection of the information, touching a problem from the landscape-ecological point of view. The main attention in the article is given to applied researches, the character of their realization, purposes of scientists who were engaged in studying of the Volga during different years.

Daily meteorological data analysis for a 34year period revealed some general rules of temperature and humidity conditions during the main phases of spring wheat development in Saratov Region. The correlation dependence between the crop capacity and vegetation period duration was found. The researches improve the possibility of resources conservation in this region.

The changes in demographic structure of Saratov’s region citizens (particularly the population of big cities) from 1989 to 2006 y. were examined in the article. Socio-economic characterization of region’s citizens was given by such indexes as: education, paycheque, work status and kinds of economic activity. In the article census information (2002 y.) was used. Ethnical aspect was also examined.

In the article some results of complex researches of precipitating mesoscale cloudness on Penza experimental meteorological range are resulted. On the data of special radar and meteorological observations the conditions of formation and development of 12 mesоscale cloudy zones and 14 of cloud-bands are analysed in air mass synoptic situations. Is shown, that these cloudy formations can develop with adverse for realization deep convection thermal conditions. In this case their development can be caused by presence of some dynamic factors.

We carried out the analysis of the power spectrum of the time series of the daily mean values of the surface air temperature in Saratov city (Russia) in the time interval from 1945 through 1999. In the power spectrum are discovered two tidal harmonics, the harmonic with the period of synodic month, connected with a change in the insolation during the motion of system the Earth – Moon around the common center of masses, and also harmonic, which corresponds to the average period of rotation of the active regions of the Sun.