География

В статье по ежедневным метеорологическим данным за семидесятилетний период (1941–2011 гг.) выделены аномально холодные и аномально тёплые зимы г. Саратова, анализируются средние суточные температуры за отдельные годы и по десятилетиям, дана балльная оценка зимнего сезона по степени благоприятности перезимовки озимых культур.

The article presents results of firths’ ecological and meliorative conditions monitoring, level of vegetation cover degradation and dynamics of fodder land use within Aleksandrov Gay municipal district of Saratov region for the period from 1952. As the result of the research were detected 3 periods of meliorative development and impact on the state of land. The authors propose to improve the ecological and meliorative condition of agro-landscapes by reconstructing firths, reducing the size of longlines and reducing flooding rates.

The article considers modern trends in demographic development of VFD subjects, the results of positive demographic dynamics of the recent years. The regional differences in population reproduction, migration are analysed. The preservation of significant differentiation in the indicators of the population reproduction in the VFD regions is shown. The main problems of the demographic situation in the regions and possible directions for their solution are formulated.

The article provides the possible reasons for the relatively high cancer rates in the Volga Federal District (VFD). The promoting on oncological situation factors are given. Among of them are: low incomes, poor environmental conditions, a high per cent of elderly, bad living conditions, increasing of alcohol consumption.

Indices of continental climate at different time intervals for Saratov and St. Petersburg are calculated. They reflect the tendency of a decrease in continentality, associated with a temperature increase in the winter seasons.

The possible connection was studied between the emission of various subsoil gases and the variation of the vertical component of gravity acceleration caused by the influence of the luni-solar tides. At negative values of tidal acceleration, the average concentration of methane and its homologues is reduced, accompanied by an increase in the average concentration of helium, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

The key points of the Strategy for socio-economic development of the Saratov region till 2030 against primarily the spatial organization of а manufacturing industry are discussed. The proposed typology of districts is annalysed.

In the article to assess the continentality of the region’s climate at 10 stations in the Lower Volga region, the annual air temperature amplitudes were calculated, and the climate continentality indices were determined according to 5 formulas of different authors. The carried out calculation allows to allocate Zavolzhsky areas of the Saratov and Volgograd areas in region with as much as possible favorable conditions on cultivation of high-protein wheat.

The article compares the significance of the factors of migration attractiveness of the Russian regions on the example of the Volga Federal District (VFD). It is shown that for a short period (2012–2015), there was a significant decrease in the number of factors attracting migrants, at the same time, migration situation in the VFD regions has also changed, sometimes drastically. The study was carried out using multivariate linear regression analysis.

An agricultural production assessment of the unused parts of the Dubkovsky municipality was carried out, identified by the results of the work on the creation of GIS of Saratov region agro-industrial complex in the 2016. In order to involve unused arable land in agricultural production, almost all areas will require land management related to the transformation of land – the conversion of low-fertility soils to arable land.