География

Rural settlement system in Saratov region is in constant development. Transformation of rural settlement is considered for 1959–2015. The study of rural settlement is relevant due to system of local government reform. Number of rural municipalities is being reduced and the number of settlements in them is growing. The number of rural settlements is in reduction. The share of population living in large settlements increases (as a result of the change of status of a rural settlement to an urban one included).

In this article you can find results of the hydrological works, that was realized by landscape-ecological investigation in a Chardym river basin in the summer 2015. With the help of the portable equipment and standard methodology, chemical water components were defined and was given an assessment of their quality based on standard criteria of maximum concentration limit of the polluting substances for reservoirs of fishery appointment and potential sources of technogenic pollution.

The article discusses several techniques to optimize land use, adapted to the territory of the Saratov Zavolzhje, investigate the dynamics of land relations in the Soviet district of the Saratov region over the past 40 years, made recommendations for the improvement of the Soviet district land use to increase the stability of agricultural landscapes.

The article provides an analysis of sinoptical conditions that caused the abnormal weather of autumn and winter 2015–2016 year in the Saratov region. The characteristic agrometeorological conditions in different soil-climatic zones of the region, showing the deviation of the air temperature and precipitation from the climatic norm and the assessment of their impact on growth, development, and overwintering of winter crops.

The article presents the results of monitoring of erosion processes on chernozems of the Volga region from 1973 to 2015. It is shown that the observed increase in winter temperatures can reduce the depth of soil freezing, increase the number of days with thaws and reduction of water reserves in the snow to the top of the snow melting. These processes improve the absorption of melt water conditions and lead to a decrease of spring runoff.

The article is on the daily weather data for the thirty-year period (1981–2011). The agroclimatic characterization is given on the spring season in Saratov, analyzed the average daily temperature for individual years and decades, the evaluation is given on the spring season according to the favorable on the ease of vegetation of the winter crops.

The article analyzes the migration processes in modern Russia, particularly, the distribution of migration flows within the country, both in federal district and in regional contexts. Using cluster analysis highlighted groups (clusters) of regions with the closest indicators of migration flow directions and migrants’ quality characteristics (level of education).

This article describes intra-regional, interregional and international types of migration at the level of municipalities of the region. There are 38 municipal districts in Saratov region; the majority has both urban  and rural population. During the study it was found that intra-regional migration is mainly directed to the Saratov agglomeration, both in urban and rural areas (Saratov, Engels), Balakovo. Saratov region is attractive for migrants (mostly) from the CIS countries.

In the article the comparative analysis of repeatability of droughts of different intensity is presented in the separate interval of vegetation period on the natural zones of the Saratov area in 1951–1980 years and after 1981–2015 years. Centers of origin of droughts and their repetition on the area of coverage of the territory are shown. Agrometeorological description of the cruelest droughts is given, and consequences over of their influence are brought on gross collections of grain in the Saratov area.

There is an overview of actual environmental research practice and its map support in this article. The overview demonstrates peculiarities and disadvantages of ecological mappping on different stages of petroleum object life-cycle. The main disadvantage of the current practice that the setries of maps have different content and they are made in different scales. As a result we suggested a list of mandatory mas which show a minimum of necessary data about nature, technical objects, impacts.