Геология

Manifestation of natural disasters during growth of cities in the Volga Region revealed amount of geoecological problems in the beginning of the 20th century. Increasing of these problems forced engineeringgeological research with elements of geoecological investigations in the Geological scientific Institute of Saratov University. This work provided a basis for geoecological, urboecological and agroecological research in the University. 

The joint Vendian-Riphean reservoir in the Yurubcheno-Tokhomskaya zone (YuTZ) of the Siberian Platform has resulted from hydrothermal activity. Prediction of the HC-prospective fields in the VendianRuphean deposits is based on revealing the zones of hydrothermal activity conductive to cavern and pore formation in the fractured carbonate series. Quartz-associated ankerites are indicator minerals for oil- and gas-saturated dolomites. 

A direct dependence is established between the scale of accumulation of oil source organic matter and the average annual temperature, illumination and supply of biogenic elements to the photic layer of the water mass in a sedimentation basin. Other conditions being favourable, the oil-generating potentials of sedimentary-rock basins depend upon their paleolatitudinal position during accumulation of oil-source deposits. Oil and gas contents are predicted for the shelf zones of other marginal Arctic seas in Russia.

A zonal ichthyofaunal stratigraphic scheme for different facies deposits from the Lower and Middle Triassic of European Russia is proposed for the first time. The scheme has been elaborated on ichthyofaunal complexes and groups with use of evolutionary trends among dipnoans, elasmobranchians and actinopterigians. Upper Permian zonal scheme on ichthyofauna is also clarified. Distribution of fishes in Triassic of Eastern-European platform is shown. 

Dependence of the near-surface air temperature on the Earth's rotational regime is revealed in the Phanerozoic. Epochs of cooling correlate with reduced rates of the Earth's rotation. Macrovariations in rotational regime caused by cosmogenic and endogenic factors, and microvariations, as well as by fluctuations in solar activity and endogenic processes, control the stresses and deformations within the Earth's crust, dynamics and peculiarites of water and air mass circulation, and consequently, the temperature regimes of the latitudinal belts.

Comparison of results obtained by various authors from Callovian beds of the stratotype section in the Malinovyj gully has shown to be incomparable in the amount and quality of biostratigraphic information. Using this information for recognizing of local strata (suites) has reduced the minuteness of deposit division. This makes new comprehensive description of the section essential as well as thorough analyses of the latest results in combination with the earlier data on the updated ammonite standard. 

Plesiosauroid sauropterygian remains with mechanical traumas (predator’s bites) and paleopathological modifications in bone structure were described from the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Lower Volga region. 

For the first time evedences of possible tactile sensor zones has been described in representative of non-theriodont clade of therapsids – Myosaurus gracilis (Dicynodontia). The system of foramina and grooves reflecting well developed blood network on the snout of Myosaurus is generally similar to the same descried for theriodonts and possibly represents development of sensor zones. Very large orbits and developed sensor fields on the snout of Myosaurus the most probably indicates the nocturnal mode of life and support previous ideas on omnivorous feeding. 

Passing waters received at improvement of Sokolovogorsky oil and gas field is subject of injection in the Paleozoic carbon-bearing collector. Digital geological model of the burial reservoir has been created to prove size of sanitary protection zones (ZSP) by the collective of NVNIIGG. This allowed carrying out hydrodynamic modeling and defining of parameters of spreading zone. Taking into account anisotropic properties of the reservoir, experts of chair of engineering geology and hydrogeology of the Saratov state university were involved in the project.

Main informative characters of facies-genetic types of the Late Phanerozoic marine and continental deposits for SE of the EasternEuropean platform are discussed. Their analysis has shown irreversible trends of decreasing of chemogenic formations from the Permian age to Recent as well as increasing of terrigenouscarbonate, sapropel and siliceous-carbonate biogenic sedimentation.