География

Рассмотрены демографические процессы в трансграничных регионах (российско-казахстанском приграничье) России и Казахстана, которые, несмотря на свою стратегическую значимость, часто оказываются на периферии национальной политики. Методологической основой выступает предложенный трехуровневый подход (национальный, региональный, местный), позволяющий выявить как макродемографические тренды, так и внутрирегиональную дифференциацию. На основе анализа статистических данных за период 1989–2021 гг.

Monitoring of the condition and species diversity of tree species plays a significant role in the forest resource management. The emergence of high-quality multispectral satellite images opens up opportunities for using information about vegetation in a certain area over a long period of time extracted from images in addition to data obtained as a result of field research.

The study presents the testing and results of simulation modeling of surface flows caused by the results of volcanic activity. An analysis of various rheological models was carried out, with a justification for the effectiveness of the Herschel-Bulkley generalized fluid model as applied to geodynamic processes (lahars, mudflows, rockfalls, etc.). The proposed hypothesis was tested and confirmed its viability based on information about a real event – the eruption of the Chaiten volcano.

The article examines the ecological characteristics of the landscapes along the Pacific Railway route in the Mulam River basin. This project is highly relevant for transportation and logistics infrastructure supporting mineral resource extraction, particularly for increasing exports of high-quality coal from the Elga deposit in South Yakutia to East and Southeast Asia. The railway traverses a remote, uninhabited area with insufficiently studied permafrost landscapes.

The article examines the application of topological concepts for analysing the structure and assessing the compactness of a regional settlement system. A methodology is proposed that adapts classical topological invariants to evaluate real transport-planning networks using OpenStreetMap data, taking into account physical-geographical and legislative constraints. Instead of abstract node connectivity indices in the settlement system graph, a new operational indicator – the “exit index” – is introduced.

Introduction. Atmospheric pressure is a crucial characteristic of the atmosphere. Changes in atmospheric pressure lead to changes in the entire set of weather conditions. The increase in global temperature affects all atmospheric characteristics, including atmospheric pressure. This paper examines the changes in atmospheric pressure near the Earth’s surface during the stabilization period and the second wave of global warming. Theoretical analysis.

The article discusses the history of the concept of human co-creation with nature, the main approaches to determining the possibilities of its implementation within the framework of the doctrine of geosystems by V. B. Sochava and the experience of landscape planning based on knowledge of the landscape organization of various regions of Siberia. The main content of modern Russian physical geography is the study of the organization of geosystems and landscape and environmental conditions for differentiating environmental management.

The history of studying the granulometric composition of the detrital material of the beaches of Sevastopol in scientific publications from the middle of the twentieth century to the present is considered. The granulometric characteristics (quartiles, median diameter, and sorting coefficient) of sediments from natural unofficial beaches of Sevastopol located in the bays of Sevastopolskaya, Karantinnaya, and Kazachaya have been calculated. Cumulative curves and diagrams of the granulometric composition of beach sediments have been compiled.