The article raises the question of complementarity of economic structures of a number of the Volga and Ural regions within the supraregional formation, which can be the Volga economic region or the Volga-Ural macro-region. The degree of changes in the structure of the manufacturing industry of the Volga regions over the decade is estimated, including taking into account the dynamics of the production of innovative products. The similarity of the regional structure of the manufacturing industry of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the Volga economic region and the Volga-Ural macroregion is analyzed. Within the latter, there are slightly less differences in the structures of regional economies than within the economic region. As a result of the analysis, the Saratov region can be characterized as a typical (having the least differences with others) region of both the district and the macroregion. Structural changes in the industry of the considered regions are also studied from the position of the territorial organization of their industry.