The article is devoted to the study of changes in land use systems in various regions and natural zones of Russia for the period from 2000 to 2022. Spatial and temporal patterns of transformation of land use systems within the main agricultural territory of Russia were identified and analyzed. Main directions and tendencies of changes in the areas of the main land and proportions of sown areas of main agricultural crops are considered. The dependence of the transformation of land use systems on the agrarian reforms of the 1990s has been revealed. Positive trends were noted in increasing the territorial concentration of the main crops in areas with the most favorable natural conditions for their placement. In general, the changes in land use systems that occurred during the period under review contributed to the achievement of food security in Russia. The generalization of the identified spatial and temporal patterns made it possible to assess the effectiveness of the ongoing changes in land use systems and draw conclusions about ways to improve them in different types of the natural environment. The results of the study can be used to substantiate management decisions in determining ways to improve the territorial organization of agriculture and the implementation of appropriate agricultural policies at both the federal and regional levels.