The article examines issues related to the analysis of the geographical distribution of rural settlements “without population” based on the results of the All-Russian Population Censuses of 2002, 2010, and 2020. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of the number of such settlements in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan and to identify their geodemographic characteristics. The study used statistical, historical, and cartographic methods to determine the quantitative characteristics of rural settlements “without population” within the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. These methods were applied to the data collected by the researchers, who used a remote classification methodology developed by geographers at Tver University. The study found that all rural settlements “without population” in Bashkortostan can be divided into four categories: seasonally inhabited, abandoned, disappeared, and wasteland. These categories were used to analyze the distribution of these settlements across economic sub-regions. The researchers found that most of the settlements are located in the Western economic sub-region. The main reasons for the emergence of “empty” rural settlements have been identified: the migration outflow caused by the closure of many agricultural enterprises and the resulting increase in unemployment and low wages, as well as natural population decline in rural areas. These findings can be used to develop demographic strategies for local authorities.