settlement

The article examines issues related to the analysis of the geographical distribution of rural settlements “without population” based on the results of the All-Russian Population Censuses of 2002, 2010, and 2020. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of the number of such settlements in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan and to identify their geodemographic characteristics.

The initial period (middle of XVI – late XVIII centuries) of the formation of the demographic and settlement on the territory of modern Saratov region. Territorial expansion of the young Russian centralized state in the Volga region started in the region the process of diffusion material-technical and social innovations, which structured the space, transforming it into the administrative system. Identified spatial and temporal trends, vectors of its development and the factors determining them.

The article features the results of comprehensive studies of Maklasheevka II fortified settlement carried out at the intersection of natural and humanitarian sciences, and one of the area of this work was integrative soil-archaeological studies. This approach includes a cross-spectrum archaeological and pedological analysis of the ancient soils.