depopulation

Using the example of several districts of the Middle Angara region, the changes in the system of rural settlements in the taiga zone of the Irkutsk region in the period from the first All-Russian Population Census in 2002 after the collapse of the Soviet Union to the last one in 2021 are revealed. The system-dynamic analysis also touched upon the period of formation of regional settlement systems, which fell during the Soviet period and played a major role in their genesis.

The article examines demographic processes in the transboundary regions (the Russian-Kazakh border area) of Russia and Kazakhstan, which, despite their strategic importance, often remain on the periphery of national policy. The methodological framework is based on a proposed three-level approach (national, regional, local), enabling the identification of both macro-demographic trends and intraregional differentiation.